TRANSFER PRICING

Transfer Pricing Services in India: Policy, Documentation & Disputes

Practical transfer pricing services for multinational groups and Indian companies. We cover policy design, functional analysis, benchmarking, TP documentation, Form 3CEB, Master File and CbCR, Advance Pricing Agreements, and representation from the TPO to the ITAT.

6prescribed methods for determining arm's length price
5 + 4years: APA term plus possible rollback years
30+countries our clients come from
426client engagements completed in the last 5 years
01

Why Transfer Pricing Is a Leading Risk for Global Businesses

Transfer pricing rules require transactions between related entities, such as sales, services, royalties, loans and guarantees, to be priced at arm's length, as if the parties were independent.

The growing volume of intercompany transactions has made transfer pricing one of the biggest tax risks for multinational groups. India is known for active transfer pricing scrutiny and a high volume of TP disputes. Adjustments can lead to additional tax, interest, penalties and double taxation of the same profits.

We help companies manage this risk with practical transfer pricing solutions that are aligned with their global business and objectives, backed by robust documentation, and defended firmly when challenged.

02

Transfer Pricing Advisory

Transactions We Advise On

  • Intangibles: royalties, licences, brand and technology fees
  • Loans, guarantees and other financial transactions
  • Intra-group services and management charges
  • Contract research and development activities
  • Business restructuring and reorganisation
  • Purchase or sale of goods, marketable securities and other assets

How We Help

  • Designing and implementing domestic and global TP policies, including mark-ups and pricing methods
  • Functional analysis of functions performed, assets used and risks assumed (FAR)
  • Year-end true-ups and alignment with customs and GST valuation
  • Advance Pricing Agreement feasibility
  • Identifying and mitigating transfer pricing risks
03

Benchmarking: Indian and International

Benchmarking identifies comparable independent companies or transactions to test whether intercompany pricing is at arm's length.

Indian Benchmarking

For Indian tested parties, we search Indian company databases such as Prowess and Capitaline. We apply robust screening, document accept/reject reasons, and compute margins and the arm's length range in line with Indian rules.

International Benchmarking

Where the foreign entity is the tested party, or for special transactions such as royalties and loans, we use global, public and private comparable databases, including RoyaltyStat, ktMINE, BvD databases such as Amadeus and Orbis, and Thomson Reuters data, directly or with our partner network.

Comparable Uncontrolled Price (CUP)Resale Price MethodCost Plus MethodProfit Split MethodTransactional Net Margin Method (TNMM)Other Method
04

Transfer Pricing Documentation & Compliance

RequirementWhat it involvesBroad applicability
TP documentation (Local File)Detailed report on international and specified domestic transactions, FAR analysis and benchmarkingRequired where the value of international transactions exceeds the prescribed limit
Accountant's Report (Form 3CEB)CA certification of international and specified domestic transactionsEvery entity with such transactions; due before the return due date
Master FileGroup-level overview of business, intangibles, financing and TP policiesConstituent entities of groups above the prescribed revenue and transaction thresholds
Country-by-Country Report (CbCR)Revenue, profit, tax and activity data for each jurisdictionGroups with consolidated revenue above the prescribed threshold (aligned with EUR 750 million)
Specified domestic transactionsCertain related-party transactions within IndiaAbove the prescribed value threshold

We prepare TP documentation, issue Form 3CEB, and help prepare and file the Master File and CbCR notifications and reports, in line with OECD BEPS Action 13 and Indian law. Section and form references are moving to the Income-tax Act, 2025, and we manage that transition for you.

05

Managing Transfer Pricing Controversy

1

Audits & Litigation

Representation before the Transfer Pricing Officer (TPO), the Dispute Resolution Panel (DRP), the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) and the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT). See also our tax litigation services.

2

Advance Pricing Agreements

Support across the APA lifecycle: pre-filing consultation, application, site visits, data gathering, negotiation, finalisation and annual compliance reports.

3

MAP & Safe Harbour

Help with the Mutual Agreement Procedure to resolve double taxation under tax treaties, and with applying safe harbour rules where eligible.

06

APA and CbCR Explained

What Is an Advance Pricing Agreement (APA)?

An APA is an agreement between the taxpayer and the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT). It determines the arm's length price, or the method for determining it, for specified international transactions. It is valid for up to five consecutive years and can be rolled back to up to four earlier years. It binds both the taxpayer and the tax authorities for the covered transactions. APAs can be unilateral, bilateral or multilateral.

What Is Country-by-Country Reporting (CbCR)?

CbCR is part of the OECD's BEPS measures against tax avoidance. Large multinational groups report revenue, profits, taxes paid and measures of economic activity for every jurisdiction where they operate. The report is generally filed by the ultimate parent entity in its country of residence. Indian constituent entities have notification and, in some cases, filing obligations.

07

How We Work

Understand the Group

We map related parties, transactions, value chain and existing policies.

FAR Analysis

We interview management to document functions, assets and risks.

Method & Benchmarking

We select the most appropriate method and tested party, and run benchmarking.

Policy & True-Up

We set or refine pricing, and review results before year-end.

Documentation & Filing

We prepare the TP study, Form 3CEB, Master File and CbCR filings.

Defend

We handle TPO audits, DRP and ITAT appeals, APA and MAP.

08

Why Choose AAPT & Associates for Transfer Pricing

  • Practical, business-aligned policies. TP that fits how your group really operates.
  • Documentation built to be defended. Prepared with the TPO and appellate stages in mind.
  • Integrated with other taxes. TP aligned with customs, GST, PE and international tax.
  • Experienced tax leadership. Consultants with 17–20 years in direct and international tax, and Big 4-trained partners.
  • Foreign-group experience. Indian subsidiaries, GCCs and captives of groups from over 30 countries.
  • End-to-end support. From policy to compliance to litigation, with one team throughout.

Talk to Our TP Team

09

Frequently Asked Questions

Who needs transfer pricing documentation in India?
Entities that enter into international transactions with associated enterprises, or specified domestic transactions above the prescribed threshold, must maintain transfer pricing documentation and obtain an Accountant's Report in Form 3CEB from a Chartered Accountant.
What is Form 3CEB?
Form 3CEB is the Accountant's Report certifying the international and specified domestic transactions of a taxpayer and the arm's length price determined for them. It must be filed before the due date of the income tax return.
Which transfer pricing methods are used in India?
Indian rules prescribe six methods: Comparable Uncontrolled Price, Resale Price, Cost Plus, Profit Split, Transactional Net Margin Method and Other Method. The most appropriate method is chosen based on the nature of the transaction, the functions and risks, and the available data.
What is an Advance Pricing Agreement, and how long is it valid?
An APA is an agreement with the CBDT that fixes the arm's length price, or the method to determine it, for specified transactions. It is valid for up to five future years and can be rolled back to up to four earlier years, giving certainty and reducing litigation.
Do Indian subsidiaries need to file a Master File or CbCR?
If the group exceeds the prescribed revenue and transaction thresholds, Indian constituent entities must file the Master File, and must notify or, in some cases, file the Country-by-Country Report. The thresholds are aligned with the OECD standard for CbCR.
What happens if a transfer pricing adjustment is made?
The tax authorities may increase taxable income, leading to additional tax, interest and potential penalties, and the same income may be taxed in two countries. Remedies include the DRP or appeal route, the Mutual Agreement Procedure under tax treaties, and APAs to prevent future disputes.

Confident your intercompany pricing would stand up to scrutiny?

Share an overview of your related-party transactions. Our TP team will highlight the key risks and next steps, at no cost and with no obligation.

Book a Free Transfer Pricing Consultation