BUSINESS VALUATION

Business Valuation Services in India for Start-ups, SMEs & Companies

Clear, defensible business valuation services for fundraising, M&A, ESOPs, regulatory compliance and financial reporting. We work closely with founders and management to understand the business behind the numbers, and to help you negotiate and defend your value with investors, buyers and regulators.

6common valuation purposes we cover
5core valuation approaches, chosen to fit the business
30+countries our clients come from
426client engagements completed in the last 5 years
01

What Is Business Valuation?

Business valuation is the process of determining the economic value of an entire business, a strategic business unit, a department, or even a single store or asset.

For an entrepreneur, it is a defining moment, because that number reflects the time and effort invested in building the business. For investors, buyers, lenders, regulators and auditors, it is a key input to decisions. A sound valuation balances financial performance, future potential, market conditions and risk, and it must stand up to scrutiny.

02

Our Collaborative Approach

We believe that valuing a company is a collaborative effort between our experts and the company's founders and management. With their input, we understand the business model better, and gain insight into how the business really operates.

This lets us build a more realistic financial model. It also lets us give founders practical input to strengthen their business model and revenue model, so the business is more investable. With a clearly defined model and realistic numbers, founders are better placed to negotiate, and to defend their valuation with potential investors.

03

Valuation for Start-ups and Established Businesses

Start-up Valuation

Valuing a start-up is a different exercise altogether. Effort, time and continuity all count, but other factors often matter more. A business that is gaining market share and disrupting the traditional way an industry works can command a much higher valuation than a traditional business in the same space.

A start-up valuation needs a thorough understanding of the business model, how far it can scale, how disruptive it is, and the market segment it will change. This is where professional valuation adds real value, both for fundraising and for ESOP pricing.

Established Entities & SMEs

An established business may not be disruptive, but it may be emerging as a leader in its segment, with strong cash flows, customer relationships and assets. Compared with high-growth start-ups, traditional businesses can appear undervalued.

With expert analysis of earnings quality, growth drivers, assets and risks, and with clear guidance on improving key value drivers, an established company can avoid undervaluation in a sale, a fundraise or a succession event.

04

When You Need a Business Valuation

PurposeTypical requirement
FundraisingPre-money valuation for negotiating with angel, VC and PE investors
Mergers, acquisitions & JVsFair value for buy-side or sell-side decisions, swap ratios and joint venture contributions
Companies Act, 2013Valuation by an IBBI Registered Valuer for specified transactions, such as certain share issues, mergers and schemes of arrangement
Income taxFair market value of unquoted shares under the prescribed rules, for share issues and transfers
FEMA (foreign investment)Pricing of shares issued to, or transferred between, residents and non-residents, using an internationally accepted pricing methodology
ESOPs & financial reportingESOP fair value, purchase price allocation, impairment testing and fair value under Ind AS

Where the law requires a valuation by an IBBI Registered Valuer or a SEBI-registered Category I Merchant Banker, the report is prepared and signed by a qualified registered professional.

05

Valuation Approaches We Use

1

Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

Values the business on its projected future cash flows, discounted at a rate that reflects risk. Widely used for growing businesses and regulatory valuations.

2

Comparable Company Multiples

Benchmarks value against listed peers using multiples such as EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue or P/E.

3

Comparable Transactions

Uses prices paid in recent deals for similar businesses as a reference point.

4

Net Asset Value

Values the business on the fair value of its assets less liabilities. Suited to asset-heavy, holding or investment companies.

5

Early-Stage Methods

Venture capital, scorecard and milestone-based methods for pre-revenue and early-revenue start-ups.

Choosing the Method

We usually apply more than one approach, then reconcile them. We explain clearly why the final value is reasonable for the purpose of the valuation.

06

Our Valuation Process

Define the Purpose

We confirm the purpose, valuation date, standard of value and any regulatory requirements.

Understand the Business

We hold founder and management discussions on the model, market, competition and plans.

Analyse the Numbers

We review historical financials and earnings quality, and test the projections.

Apply the Methods

We build the valuation model using appropriate approaches and market data.

Review & Discuss

We walk you through key assumptions and sensitivities before the report is final.

Report

We issue a clear, defensible valuation report, and support you in negotiations or with regulators.

07

Why Choose AAPT & Associates for Business Valuation

  • Founder-friendly and collaborative. We work with you, not just on your numbers.
  • Business insight, not just a number. Practical input to improve scalability and the revenue model.
  • Built to be defended. Reports that stand up to investors, auditors and tax authorities.
  • Tax and regulatory expertise in-house. Companies Act, income tax and FEMA requirements covered.
  • Connected services. Due diligence, M&A advisory and ESOP advisory from the same team.
  • Big 4-trained leadership. Partners with 14+ years each in audit, tax and advisory.

Discuss Your Valuation

08

Frequently Asked Questions

How is a start-up valued in India?
Start-ups are usually valued using a combination of discounted cash flow, comparable company or transaction multiples and, for early-stage businesses, venture capital or scorecard methods. Market size, scalability, traction, the team and how disruptive the model is all play a large role.
Who can issue a valuation report for FEMA purposes?
For pricing shares issued to, or transferred between, residents and non-residents, the valuation is generally carried out by a Chartered Accountant, a SEBI-registered Merchant Banker or a practising Cost Accountant, using an internationally accepted pricing methodology on an arm's length basis.
When is a Registered Valuer required?
Under the Companies Act, 2013, valuations for certain purposes, such as specified share issues, mergers and schemes of arrangement, must be carried out by a Registered Valuer registered with the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI).
Is angel tax still applicable?
No. The angel tax provision, which taxed share premium received by unlisted companies above fair market value, was abolished from FY 2024-25 onwards. Fair market value rules still matter for other purposes, such as share transfers and FEMA pricing.
How long does a business valuation take?
Most valuations take one to three weeks once complete information is available. Timelines depend on the purpose, the complexity of the business and how quickly management inputs and projections are shared.
Can a valuation help us negotiate with investors?
Yes. A well-reasoned valuation, with a clear business model and realistic projections, gives founders a strong basis to negotiate and to defend their value in discussions with investors.

Need to know what your business is really worth?

Tell us the purpose of the valuation and a little about your business. We will suggest the right approach and timeline, at no cost and with no obligation.

Book a Free Valuation Consultation